1. Apaṇṇakajātakavaṇṇanā
Imaṃ tāva apaṇṇakadhammadesanaṃ bhagavā sāvatthiṃ upanissāya jetavanamahāvihāre viharanto kathesi. Kaṃ pana ārabbha ayaṃ kathā samuṭṭhitāti? Seṭṭhissa sahāyake pañcasate titthiyasāvake. Ekasmiñhi divase anāthapiṇḍiko seṭṭhi attano sahāyake pañcasate aññatitthiyasāvake ādāya bahuṃ mālāgandhavilepanañceva sappitelamadhuphāṇitavatthacchādanāni ca gāhāpetvā jetavanaṃ gantvā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā bhesajjāni ceva vatthāni ca bhikkhusaṅghassa vissajjetvā cha nisajjādose vajjetvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tepi aññatitthiyasāvakā tathāgataṃ vanditvā satthu puṇṇacandasassirikaṃ mukhaṃ, lakkhaṇānubyañjanapaṭimaṇḍitaṃ byāmappabhāparikkhittaṃ brahmakāyaṃ, āveḷāveḷā yamakayamakā hutvā niccharantiyo ghanabuddharasmiyo ca olokayamānā anāthapiṇḍikassa samīpeyeva nisīdiṃsu.
Atha nesaṃ satthā manosilātale sīhanādaṃ nadanto taruṇasīho viya gajjanto pāvussakamegho viya ca ākāsagaṅgaṃ otārento viya ca ratanadāmaṃ ganthento viya ca aṭṭhaṅgasamannāgatena savanīyena kamanīyena brahmassarena nānānayavicittaṃ madhuradhammakathaṃ kathesi. Te satthu dhammadesanaṃ sutvā pasannacittā uṭṭhāya dasabalaṃ vanditvā aññatitthiyasaraṇaṃ bhinditvā buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ agamaṃsu. Te tato paṭṭhāya niccakālaṃ anāthapiṇḍikena saddhiṃ gandhamālādihatthā vihāraṃ gantvā dhammaṃ suṇanti, dānaṃ denti, sīlaṃ rakkhanti, uposathakammaṃ karonti.
Atha bhagavā sāvatthito punadeva rājagahaṃ agamāsi. Te tathāgatassa gatakāle taṃ saraṇaṃ bhinditvā puna aññatitthiyasaraṇaṃ gantvā attano mūlaṭṭhāneyeva patiṭṭhitā. Bhagavāpi sattaṭṭha māse vītināmetvā puna jetavanameva agamāsi. Anāthapiṇḍiko punapi te ādāya satthu santikaṃ gantvā satthāraṃ gandhamālādīhi pūjetvā vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdi. Tepi bhagavantaṃ vanditvā ekamantaṃ nisīdiṃsu. Atha nesaṃ tathāgate cārikaṃ pakkante gahitasaraṇaṃ bhinditvā puna aññatitthiyasaraṇameva gahetvā mūle patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ bhagavato ārocesi.
Bhagavā aparimitakappakoṭiyo nirantaraṃ pavattitavacīsucaritānubhāvena dibbagandhagandhitaṃ nānāgandhapūritaṃ ratanakaraṇḍakaṃ vivaranto viya mukhapadumaṃ vivaritvā madhurassaraṃ nicchārento ‘‘saccaṃ kira tumhe upāsakā tīṇi saraṇāni bhinditvā aññatitthiyasaraṇaṃ gatā’’ti pucchi. Atha tehi paṭicchādetuṃ asakkontehi ‘‘saccaṃ bhagavā’’ti vutte satthā ‘‘upāsakā heṭṭhā avīciṃ upari bhavaggaṃ paricchedaṃ katvā tiriyaṃ aparimāṇāsu lokadhātūsu sīlādīhi guṇehi buddhena sadiso nāma natthi, kuto adhikataro’’ti. ‘‘Yāvatā, bhikkhave, sattā apadā vā dvipadā vā catuppadā vā bahuppadā vā, tathāgato tesaṃ aggamakkhāyati (saṃ. ni. 5.139; a. ni. 4.34), yaṃ kiñci vittaṃ idha vā huraṃ vā…pe… (khu. pā. 6.3; su. ni. 226) aggato ve pasannāna’’ntiādīhi (a. ni. 4.34; itivu. 90) suttehi pakāsite ratanattayaguṇe pakāsetvā ‘‘evaṃ uttamaguṇehi samannāgataṃ ratanattayaṃ saraṇaṃ gatā upāsakā vā upāsikā vā nirayādīsu nibbattakā nāma natthi, apāyanibbattito pana muccitvā devaloke uppajjitvā mahāsampattiṃ anubhonti, tasmā tumhehi evarūpaṃ saraṇaṃ bhinditvā aññatitthiyasaraṇaṃ gacchantehi ayuttaṃ kata’’nti āha.
Ettha ca tīṇi ratanāni mokkhavasena uttamavasena saraṇagatānaṃ apāyesu nibbattiyā abhāvadīpanatthaṃ imāni suttāni dassetabbāni –
‘‘Ye keci buddhaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressanti. (dī. ni. 2.332; saṃ. ni. 1.37);
‘‘Ye keci dhammaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressanti.
‘‘Ye keci saṅghaṃ saraṇaṃ gatāse, na te gamissanti apāyabhūmiṃ;
Pahāya mānusaṃ dehaṃ, devakāyaṃ paripūressanti.
‘‘Bahuṃ ve saraṇaṃ yanti, pabbatāni vanāni ca;
Ārāmarukkhacetyāni, manussā bhayatajjitā.
‘‘Netaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, netaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;
Netaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccati.
‘‘Yo ca buddhañca dhammañca, saṅghañca saraṇaṃ gato;
Cattāri ariyasaccāni, sammappaññāya passati.
‘‘Dukkhaṃ dukkhasamuppādaṃ, dukkhassa ca atikkamaṃ;
Ariyañcaṭṭhaṅgikaṃ maggaṃ, dukkhūpasamagāminaṃ.
‘‘Etaṃ kho saraṇaṃ khemaṃ, etaṃ saraṇamuttamaṃ;
Etaṃ saraṇamāgamma, sabbadukkhā pamuccatī’’ti. (dha. pa. 188-192);
Na kevalañca nesaṃ satthā ettakaṃyeva dhammaṃ desesi, apica kho ‘‘upāsakā buddhānussatikammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma, dhammānussatikammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma, saṅghānussatikammaṭṭhānaṃ nāma sotāpattimaggaṃ deti, sotāpattiphalaṃ deti, sakadāgāmimaggaṃ deti, sakadāgāmiphalaṃ deti, anāgāmimaggaṃ deti, anāgāmiphalaṃ deti, arahattamaggaṃ deti, arahattaphalaṃ detī’’tievamādīhipi nayehi dhammaṃ desetvā ‘‘evarūpaṃ nāma saraṇaṃ bhindantehi ayuttaṃ tumhehi kata’’nti āha. Ettha ca buddhānussatikammaṭṭhānādīnaṃ sotāpattimaggādippadānaṃ ‘‘ekadhammo, bhikkhave, bhāvito bahulīkato ekantanibbidāya virāgāya nirodhāya upasamāya abhiññāya sambodhāya nibbānāya saṃvattati. Katamo ekadhammo? Buddhānussatī’’tievamādīhi (a. ni. 1.296) suttehi dīpetabbaṃ.
Evaṃ bhagavā nānappakārehi upāsake ovaditvā ‘‘upāsakā pubbepi manussā asaraṇaṃ ‘saraṇa’nti takkaggāhena viraddhaggāhena gahetvā amanussapariggahite kantāre yakkhabhakkhā hutvā mahāvināsaṃ pattā, apaṇṇakaggāhaṃ pana ekaṃsikaggāhaṃ aviraddhaggāhaṃ gahitamanussā tasmiṃyeva kantāre sotthibhāvaṃ pattā’’ti vatvā tuṇhī ahosi. Atha kho anāthapiṇḍiko gahapati uṭṭhāyāsanā bhagavantaṃ vanditvā abhitthavitvā sirasmiṃ añjaliṃ patiṭṭhāpetvā evamāha ‘‘bhante, idāni tāva imesaṃ upāsakānaṃ uttamasaraṇaṃ bhinditvā takkaggahaṇaṃ amhākaṃ pākaṭaṃ, pubbe pana amanussapariggahite kantāre takkikānaṃ vināso, apaṇṇakaggāhaṃ gahitamanussānañca sotthibhāvo amhākaṃ paṭicchanno, tumhākameva pākaṭo, sādhu vata no bhagavā ākāse puṇṇacandaṃ uṭṭhāpento viya imaṃ kāraṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ karotū’’ti. Atha bhagavā ‘‘mayā kho, gahapati, aparimitakālaṃ dasa pāramiyo pūretvā lokassa kaṅkhacchedanatthameva sabbaññutaññāṇaṃ paṭividdhaṃ, sīhavasāya suvaṇṇanāḷiṃ pūrento viya sakkaccaṃ sotaṃ odahitvā suṇohī’’ti seṭṭhino satuppādaṃ janetvā himagabbhaṃ padāletvā puṇṇacandaṃ nīharanto viya bhavantarena paṭicchannakāraṇaṃ pākaṭaṃ akāsi.
Atīte kāsiraṭṭhe bārāṇasinagare brahmadatto nāma rājā ahosi. Tadā bodhisatto satthavāhakule paṭisandhiṃ gahetvā dasamāsaccayena mātukucchito nikkhamitvā anupubbena vayappatto pañcahi sakaṭasatehi vaṇijjaṃ karonto vicarati. So kadāci pubbantato aparantaṃ gacchati, kadāci aparantato pubbantaṃ. Bārāṇasiyaṃyeva aññopi satthavāhaputto atthi bālo abyatto anupāyakusalo. Tadā bodhisatto bārāṇasito mahagghaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ gahetvā pañca sakaṭasatāni pūretvā gamanasajjāni katvā ṭhapesi. Sopi bālasatthavāhaputto tatheva pañca sakaṭasatāni pūretvā gamanasajjāni katvā ṭhapesi.
Tadā bodhisatto cintesi ‘‘sace ayaṃ bālasatthavāhaputto mayā saddhiṃyeva gamissati, sakaṭasahasse ekato maggaṃ gacchante maggopi nappahossati, manussānaṃ dārudakādīnipi, balibaddānaṃ tiṇānipi dullabhāni bhavissanti, etena vā mayā vā purato gantuṃ vaṭṭatī’’ti. So taṃ pakkosāpetvā etamatthaṃ ārocetvā ‘‘dvīhipi amhehi ekato gantuṃ na sakkā, kiṃ tvaṃ purato gamissasi, udāhu pacchato’’ti āha. So cintesi ‘‘mayi purato gacchante bahū ānisaṃsā, maggena abhinneneva gamissāmi, goṇā anāmaṭṭhatiṇaṃ khādissanti, manussānaṃ anāmaṭṭhaṃ sūpeyyapaṇṇaṃ bhavissati, pasannaṃ udakaṃ bhavissati, yathāruciṃ agghaṃ ṭhapetvā bhaṇḍaṃ vikkiṇissāmī’’ti. So ‘‘ahaṃ, samma, purato gamissāmī’’ti āha. Bodhisattopi pacchato gamane bahū ānisaṃse addasa. Evaṃ hissa ahosi – ‘‘purato gacchantā magge visamaṭṭhānaṃ samaṃ karissanti, ahaṃ tehi gatamaggena gamissāmi, purato gatehi balibaddehi pariṇatathaddhatiṇe khādite mama goṇā puna uṭṭhitāni madhuratiṇāni khādissanti, gahitapaṇṇaṭṭhānato uṭṭhitaṃ manussānaṃ sūpeyyapaṇṇaṃ madhuraṃ bhavissati, anudake ṭhāne āvāṭaṃ khanitvā ete udakaṃ uppādessanti, tehi katesu āvāṭesu mayaṃ udakaṃ pivissāma, agghaṭṭhapanaṃ nāma manussānaṃ jīvitā voropanasadisaṃ, ahaṃ pacchato gantvā etehi ṭhapitagghena bhaṇḍaṃ vikkiṇissāmī’’ti. Atha so ettake ānisaṃse disvā ‘‘samma, tvaṃ purato gacchāhī’’ti āha. ‘‘Sādhu, sammā’’ti bālasatthavāho sakaṭāni yojetvā nikkhanto anupubbena manussāvāsaṃ atikkamitvā kantāramukhaṃ pāpuṇi.
Kantāraṃ nāma – corakantāraṃ, vāḷakantāraṃ, nirudakakantāraṃ, amanussakantāraṃ, appabhakkhakantāranti pañcavidhaṃ. Tattha corehi adhiṭṭhitamaggo corakantāraṃ nāma. Sīhādīhi adhiṭṭhitamaggo vāḷakantāraṃ nāma. Yattha nhāyituṃ vā pātuṃ vā udakaṃ natthi, idaṃ nirudakakantāraṃ nāma. Amanussādhiṭṭhitaṃ amanussakantāraṃ nāma. Mūlakhādanīyādivirahitaṃ appabhakkhakantāraṃ nāma. Imasmiṃ pañcavidhe kantāre taṃ kantāraṃ nirudakakantārañceva amanussakantārañca. Tasmā so bālasatthavāhaputto sakaṭesu mahantamahantā cāṭiyo ṭhapetvā udakassa pūrāpetvā saṭṭhiyojanikaṃ kantāraṃ paṭipajji.
Athassa kantāramajjhaṃ gatakāle kantāre adhivatthayakkho ‘‘imehi manussehi gahitaṃ udakaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā dubbale katvā sabbeva ne khādissāmī’’ti sabbasetataruṇabalibaddayuttaṃ manoramaṃ yānakaṃ māpetvā dhanukalāpaphalakāvudhahatthehi dasahi dvādasahi amanussehi parivuto uppalakumudāni piḷandhitvā allakoso allavattho issarapuriso viya tasmiṃ yānake nisīditvā kaddamamakkhitehi cakkehi paṭipathaṃ agamāsi. Parivāraamanussāpissa purato ca pacchato ca gacchantā allakesā allavatthā uppalakumudamālā piḷandhitvā padumapuṇḍarīkakalāpe gahetvā bhisamuḷālāni khādantā udakabindūhi ceva kalalehi ca paggharantehi agamaṃsu. Satthavāhā ca nāma yadā dhuravāto vāyati, tadā yānake nisīditvā upaṭṭhākaparivutā rajaṃ pariharantā purato gacchanti. Yadā pacchato vāto vāyati, tadā teneva nayena pacchato gacchanti. Tadā pana dhuravāto ahosi, tasmā so satthavāhaputto purato agamāsi.
Yakkho taṃ āgacchantaṃ disvā attano yānakaṃ maggā okkamāpetvā ‘‘kahaṃ gacchathā’’ti tena saddhiṃ paṭisanthāraṃ akāsi. Satthavāhopi attano yānakaṃ maggā okkamāpetvā sakaṭānaṃ gamanokāsaṃ datvā ekamante ṭhito taṃ yakkhaṃ avoca ‘‘bho, amhe tāva bārāṇasito āgacchāma. Tumhe pana uppalakumudāni piḷandhitvā padumapuṇḍarīkahatthā bhisamuḷālāni khādantā kaddamamakkhitā udakabindūhi paggharantehi āgacchatha. Kiṃ nu kho tumhehi āgatamagge devo vassati, uppalādisañchannāni vā sarāni atthī’’ti pucchi. Yakkho tassa kathaṃ sutvā ‘‘samma, kiṃ nāmetaṃ kathesi. Esā nīlavanarāji paññāyati. Tato paṭṭhāya sakalaṃ araññaṃ ekodakaṃ, nibaddhaṃ devo vassati, kandarā pūrā, tasmiṃ tasmiṃ ṭhāne padumādisañchannāni sarāni atthī’’ti vatvā paṭipāṭiyā gacchantesu sakaṭesu ‘‘imāni sakaṭāni ādāya kahaṃ gacchathā’’ti pucchi. ‘‘Asukajanapadaṃ nāmā’’ti. ‘‘Imasmiṃ cimasmiñca sakaṭe kiṃ nāma bhaṇḍa’’nti? ‘‘Asukañca asukañcā’’ti. ‘‘Pacchato āgacchantaṃ sakaṭaṃ ativiya garukaṃ hutvā āgacchati, etasmiṃ kiṃ bhaṇḍa’’nti? ‘‘Udakaṃ etthā’’ti. ‘‘Parato tāva udakaṃ ānentehi vo manāpaṃ kataṃ, ito paṭṭhāya pana udakena kiccaṃ natthi, purato bahu udakaṃ, cāṭiyo bhinditvā udakaṃ chaḍḍetvā sukhena gacchathā’’ti āha. Evañca pana vatvā ‘‘tumhe gacchatha, amhākaṃ papañco hotī’’ti thokaṃ gantvā tesaṃ adassanaṃ patvā attano yakkhanagarameva agamāsi.
Sopi bālasatthavāho attano bālatāya yakkhassa vacanaṃ gahetvā cāṭiyo bhindāpetvā pasatamattampi udakaṃ anavasesetvā sabbaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā sakaṭāni pājāpesi, purato appamattakampi udakaṃ nāhosi, manussā pānīyaṃ alabhantā kilamiṃsu. Te yāva sūriyatthaṅgamanā gantvā sakaṭāni mocetvā parivaṭṭakena ṭhapetvā goṇe cakkesu bandhiṃsu. Neva goṇānaṃ udakaṃ ahosi, na manussānaṃ yāgubhattaṃ vā. Dubbalamanussā tattha tattha nipajjitvā sayiṃsu. Rattibhāgasamanantare yakkhā yakkhanagarato āgantvā sabbepi goṇe ca manusse ca jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpetvā maṃsaṃ khāditvā aṭṭhīni avasesetvā agamaṃsu. Evamekaṃ bālasatthavāhaputtaṃ nissāya sabbepi te vināsaṃ pāpuṇiṃsu, hatthaṭṭhikādīni disāvidisāsu vippakiṇṇāni ahesuṃ. Pañca sakaṭasatāni yathāpūritāneva aṭṭhaṃsu.
Bodhisattopi kho bālasatthavāhaputtassa nikkhantadivasato māsaḍḍhamāsaṃ vītināmetvā pañcahi sakaṭasatehi nagarā nikkhamma anupubbena kantāramukhaṃ pāpuṇi. So tattha udakacāṭiyo pūretvā bahuṃ udakaṃ ādāya khandhāvāre bheriṃ carāpetvā manusse sannipātetvā evamāha ‘‘tumhe maṃ anāpucchitvā pasatamattampi udakaṃ mā vaḷañjayittha, kantāre visarukkhā nāma honti, pattaṃ vā pupphaṃ vā phalaṃ vā tumhehi pure akhāditapubbaṃ maṃ anāpucchitvā mā khāditthā’’ti. Evaṃ manussānaṃ ovādaṃ datvā pañcahi sakaṭasatehi kantāraṃ paṭipajji. Tasmiṃ kantāramajjhaṃ sampatte so yakkho purimanayeneva bodhisattassa paṭipathe attānaṃ dassesi. Bodhisatto taṃ disvāva aññāsi ‘‘imasmiṃ kantāre udakaṃ natthi, nirudakakantāro nāmesa, ayañca nibbhayo rattanetto, chāyāpissa na paññāyati, nissaṃsayaṃ iminā purato gato bālasatthavāhaputto sabbaṃ udakaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā kilametvā sapariso khādito bhavissati, mayhaṃ pana paṇḍitabhāvaṃ upāyakosallaṃ na jānāti maññe’’ti. Tato naṃ āha ‘‘gacchatha tumhe, mayaṃ vāṇijā nāma aññaṃ udakaṃ adisvā gahitaudakaṃ na chaḍḍema, diṭṭhaṭṭhāne pana chaḍḍetvā sakaṭāni sallahukāni katvā gamissāmā’’ti yakkho thokaṃ gantvā adassanaṃ upagamma attano yakkhanagarameva gato.
Yakkhe pana gate manussā bodhisattaṃ āhaṃsu ‘‘ayya, ete manussā ‘esā nīlavanarāji paññāyati, tato paṭṭhāya nibaddhaṃ devo vassatī’ti vatvā uppalakumudamālādhārino padumapuṇḍarīkakalāpe ādāya bhisamuḷālāni khādantā allavatthā allakesā udakabindūhi paggharantehi āgatā, udakaṃ chaḍḍetvā sallahukehi sakaṭehi khippaṃ gacchāmā’’ti. Bodhisatto tesaṃ kathaṃ sutvā sakaṭāni ṭhapāpetvā sabbe manusse sannipātāpetvā ‘‘tumhehi ‘imasmiṃ kantāre saro vā pokkharaṇī vā atthī’ti kassaci sutapubba’’nti pucchi. ‘‘Na, ayya, sutapubba’’nti. Nirudakakantāro nāma eso, idāni ekacce manussā ‘‘etāya nīlavanarājiyā purato devo vassatī’’ti vadanti, ‘‘vuṭṭhivāto nāma kittakaṃ ṭhānaṃ vāyatī’’ti? ‘‘Yojanamattaṃ, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Kacci pana vo ekassāpi sarīraṃ vuṭṭhivāto paharatī’’ti? ‘‘Natthi ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Meghasīsaṃ nāma kittake ṭhāne paññāyatī’’ti? ‘‘Tiyojanamatte ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana vo kenaci ekampi meghasīsaṃ diṭṭha’’nti? ‘‘Natthi, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Vijjulatā nāma kittake ṭhāne paññāyatī’’ti? ‘‘Catuppañcayojanamatte, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana vo kenaci vijjulatobhāso diṭṭho’’ti? ‘‘Natthi, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Meghasaddo nāma kittake ṭhāne suyyatī’’ti? ‘‘Ekadviyojanamatte, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Atthi pana vo kenaci meghasaddo suto’’ti? ‘‘Natthi, ayyā’’ti. ‘‘Na ete manussā, yakkhā ete, amhe udakaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā dubbale katvā khāditukāmā āgatā bhavissanti. Purato gato bālasatthavāhaputto na upāyakusalo. Addhā so etehi udakaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā kilametvā khādito bhavissati, pañca sakaṭasatāni yathāpūritāneva ṭhitāni bhavissanti. Ajja mayaṃ tāni passissāma, pasatamattampi udakaṃ achaḍḍetvā sīghasīghaṃ pājethā’’ti pājāpesi.
So gacchanto yathāpūritāneva pañca sakaṭasatāni goṇamanussānañca hatthaṭṭhikādīni disāvidisāsu vippakiṇṇāni disvā sakaṭāni mocāpetvā sakaṭaparivaṭṭakena khandhāvāraṃ bandhāpetvā kālasseva manusse ca goṇe ca sāyamāsabhattaṃ bhojāpetvā manussānaṃ majjhe goṇe nipajjāpetvā sayaṃ balanāyako hutvā khaggahattho tiyāmarattiṃ ārakkhaṃ gahetvā ṭhitakova aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpesi. Punadivase pana pātova sabbakiccāni niṭṭhāpetvā goṇe bhojetvā dubbalasakaṭāni chaḍḍāpetvā thirāni gāhāpetvā appagghaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ chaḍḍāpetvā mahagghaṃ bhaṇḍaṃ āropāpetvā yathādhippetaṃ ṭhānaṃ gantvā diguṇatiguṇena mūlena bhaṇḍaṃ vikkiṇitvā sabbaṃ parisaṃ ādāya puna attano nagarameva agamāsi.
Satthā imaṃ dhammakathaṃ kathetvā ‘‘evaṃ, gahapati, pubbe takkaggāhagāhino mahāvināsaṃ pattā, apaṇṇakaggāhagāhino pana amanussānaṃ hatthato muccitvā sotthinā icchitaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā puna sakaṭṭhānameva paccāgamiṃsū’’ti vatvā dvepi vatthūni ghaṭetvā imissā apaṇṇakadhammadesanāya abhisambuddho hutvā imaṃ gāthamāha –
1.
‘‘Apaṇṇakaṃ ṭhānameke, dutiyaṃ āhu takkikā;
Etadaññāya medhāvī, taṃ gaṇhe yadapaṇṇaka’’nti.
Tattha apaṇṇakanti ekaṃsikaṃ aviraddhaṃ niyyānikaṃ. Ṭhānanti kāraṇaṃ. Kāraṇañhi yasmā tadāyattavuttitāya phalaṃ tiṭṭhati nāma, tasmā ‘‘ṭhāna’’nti vuccati, ‘‘ṭhānañca ṭhānato aṭṭhānañca aṭṭhānato’’tiādīsu (vibha. 809) cassa payogo veditabbo. Iti ‘‘apaṇṇakaṃ ṭhāna’’nti padadvayenāpi ‘‘yaṃ ekantahitasukhāvahattā paṇḍitehi paṭipannaṃ ekaṃsikakāraṇaṃ aviraddhakāraṇaṃ niyyānikakāraṇaṃ, taṃ ida’’nti dīpeti. Ayamettha saṅkhepo, pabhedato pana tīṇi saraṇagamanāni, pañca sīlāni, dasa sīlāni, pātimokkhasaṃvaro, indriyasaṃvaro, ājīvapārisuddhi, paccayapaṭisevanaṃ, sabbampi catupārisuddhisīlaṃ; indriyesu guttadvāratā, bhojane mattaññutā, jāgariyānuyogo, jhānaṃ, vipassanā, abhiññā, samāpatti, ariyamaggo, ariyaphalaṃ, sabbampetaṃ apaṇṇakaṭṭhānaṃ apaṇṇakapaṭipadā, niyyānikapaṭipadāti attho.
Yasmā ca pana niyyānikapaṭipadāya etaṃ nāmaṃ, tasmāyeva bhagavā apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ dassento imaṃ suttamāha –
‘‘Tīhi, bhikkhave, dhammehi samannāgato bhikkhu apaṇṇakapaṭipadaṃ paṭipanno hoti, yoni cassa āraddhā hoti āsavānaṃ khayāya. Katamehi tīhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti, bhojane mattaññū hoti, jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhunā rūpaṃ disvā na nimittaggāhī hoti…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu indriyesu guttadvāro hoti.
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu paṭisaṅkhā yoniso āhāraṃ āhāreti neva davāya na madāya…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu bhojane mattaññū hoti.
‘‘Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hoti. Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu divasaṃ caṅkamena nisajjāya…pe… evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu jāgariyaṃ anuyutto hotī’’ti (a. ni. 3.16).
Imasmiñcāpi sutte tayova dhammā vuttā. Ayaṃ pana apaṇṇakapaṭipadā yāva arahattaphalaṃ labbhateva. Tattha arahattaphalampi, phalasamāpattivihārassa ceva, anupādāparinibbānassa ca, paṭipadāyeva nāma hoti.
Eketi ekacce paṇḍitamanussā. Tattha kiñcāpi ‘‘asukā nāmā’’ti niyamo natthi, idaṃ pana saparisaṃ bodhisattaṃyeva sandhāya vuttanti veditabbaṃ. Dutiyaṃ āhu takkikāti dutiyanti paṭhamato apaṇṇakaṭṭhānato niyyānikakāraṇato dutiyaṃ takkaggāhakāraṇaṃ aniyyānikakāraṇaṃ. Āhu takkikāti ettha pana saddhiṃ purimapadena ayaṃ yojanā – apaṇṇakaṭṭhānaṃ ekaṃsikakāraṇaṃ aviraddhakāraṇaṃ niyyānikakāraṇaṃ eke bodhisattappamukhā paṇḍitamanussā gaṇhiṃsu. Ye pana bālasatthavāhaputtappamukhā takkikā āhu, te dutiyaṃ sāparādhaṃ anekaṃsikaṭṭhānaṃ viraddhakāraṇaṃ aniyyānikakāraṇaṃ aggahesuṃ. Tesu ye apaṇṇakaṭṭhānaṃ aggahesuṃ, te sukkapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā. Ye dutiyaṃ ‘‘purato bhavitabbaṃ udakenā’’ti takkaggāhasaṅkhātaṃ aniyyānikakāraṇaṃ aggahesuṃ. Te kaṇhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā.
Tattha sukkapaṭipadā aparihānipaṭipadā, kaṇhapaṭipadā parihānipaṭipadā. Tasmā ye sukkapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā, te aparihīnā sotthibhāvaṃ pattā. Ye pana kaṇhapaṭipadaṃ paṭipannā, te parihīnā anayabyasanaṃ āpannāti imamatthaṃ bhagavā anāthapiṇḍikassa gahapatino vatvā uttari idamāha ‘‘etadaññāya medhāvī, taṃ gaṇhe yadapaṇṇaka’’nti.
Tattha etadaññāya medhāvīti ‘‘medhā’’ti laddhanāmāya vipulāya visuddhāya uttamāya paññāya samannāgato kulaputto etaṃ apaṇṇake ceva sapaṇṇake cāti dvīsu atakkaggāhatakkaggāhasaṅkhātesu ṭhānesu guṇadosaṃ vuddhihāniṃ atthānatthaṃ ñatvāti attho. Taṃ gaṇhe yadapaṇṇakanti yaṃ apaṇṇakaṃ ekaṃsikaṃ sukkapaṭipadāaparihāniyapaṭipadāsaṅkhātaṃ niyyānikakāraṇaṃ, tadeva gaṇheyya. Kasmā? Ekaṃsikādibhāvatoyeva. Itaraṃ pana na gaṇheyya. Kasmā? Anekaṃsikādibhāvatoyeva. Ayañhi apaṇṇakapaṭipadā nāma sabbesaṃ buddhapaccekabuddhabuddhaputtānaṃ paṭipadā. Sabbabuddhā hi apaṇṇakapaṭipadāyameva ṭhatvā daḷhena vīriyena pāramiyo pūretvā bodhimūle buddhā nāma honti, paccekabuddhā paccekabodhiṃ uppādenti, buddhaputtā sāvakapāramiñāṇaṃ paṭivijjhanti.
Iti bhagavā tesaṃ upāsakānaṃ tisso kulasampattiyo ca cha kāmasagge brahmalokasampattiyo ca datvāpi pariyosāne arahattamaggaphaladāyikā apaṇṇakapaṭipadā nāma, catūsu apāyesu pañcasu ca nīcakulesu nibbattidāyikā sapaṇṇakapaṭipadā nāmāti imaṃ apaṇṇakadhammadesanaṃ dassetvā uttari cattāri saccāni soḷasahi ākārehi pakāsesi. Catusaccapariyosāne sabbepi te pañcasatā upāsakā sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu.
Satthā imaṃ dhammadesanaṃ āharitvā dassetvā dve vatthūni kathetvā anusandhiṃ ghaṭetvā jātakaṃ samodhānetvā dassesi – ‘‘tasmiṃ samaye bālasatthavāhaputto devadatto ahosi, tassa parisā devadattaparisāva, paṇḍitasatthavāhaputtaparisā buddhaparisā, paṇḍitasatthavāhaputto pana ahameva ahosi’’nti desanaṃ niṭṭhāpesi.
Apaṇṇakajātakavaṇṇanā paṭhamā.